Violence and Refugee Women's Resilience: Syrian Refugee Women in Lebanon During COVID-19
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This research examines domestic and intimate partner violence (D/IPV) during the COVID-19 pandemic, within refugee households in Syrian informal tented settlements located in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley. We examine how the socio-economic and political environment as well as anti-refugee practices, impact Syrian economic outcomes, contributing to a significant rise of D/IPV. Data analysis reveals refugee women's resilience and responses after experiencing violence, despite the absence of access to organizations and authorities that ensure their protection. The analysis discloses the gap in protection for women refugees, resulting from economic constraints, distrust of authorities and humanitarian organizations, lack/inadequacy of protection policies, widespread corruption and a political climate against refugees in Lebanon, a country ridden with instability and crisis. Interviews conducted with refugee women confirm that rebuilding trust with official authorities in Lebanon is the key first step to attaining protection. This paper emphasizes the role of international and national policies and practices, alongside access to international humanitarian and development organizations, in enhancing refugee women's resilience against violence. Résumé: Cette étude porte sur la violence domestique et la violence entre partenaires intimes (VD/VPI) pendant la pandémie de COVID-19, au sein des ménages de réfugiés dans les campements informels syriens situés dans la vallée de la Bekaa, au Liban. Nous examinons comment l'environnement socio-économique et politique, ainsi que les pratiques anti-réfugiés, ont un impact sur les résultats économiques des Syriens, contribuant à une augmentation significative de la violence domestique et intime (VD/VPI). L'analyse des données révèle la résilience des femmes réfugiées et les réponses qu'elles apportent après avoir subi des violences, malgré l'absence d'accès aux organisations et aux autorités qui assurent leur protection. L'analyse révèle les lacunes en matière de protection des femmes réfugiées, qui résultent des contraintes économiques, de la méfiance à l'égard des autorités et des organisations humanitaires, de l'absence ou de l'inadéquation des politiques de protection, de la corruption généralisée et d'un climat politique défavorable aux réfugiés au Liban, un pays en proie à l'instabilité et à la crise. Les entretiens menés avec les femmes réfugiées confirment que le rétablissement de la confiance avec les autorités officielles au Liban est la première étape essentielle pour obtenir une protection. Ce document souligne le rôle des politiques et des pratiques nationales et internationales, ainsi que l'accès aux organisations internationales d'aide humanitaire et de développement, dans le renforcement de la résilience des femmes réfugiées face à la violence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".