Simultaneous voltage control and frequency oscillation damping in Hydro-Québec’s network by using an updated 735-kV shunt reactors automatic switching system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• The core of the novelty of NV-MAIS approach relies on the fact that we are using shunt reactors for both voltage regulation and frequency oscillation damping. To the best knowledge of the authors, there has not been reported the use of the shunt reactors in frequency oscillation damping and the NV-MAIS strategy is the first of a kind of such an approach with grid commissioning and installation in high voltage 735-kV transmission level. The Hydro-Québec transmission system is among the most extensive and complex power grid in North America due to its very long lines (over 1000 km) joining the generation facilities in the north of the Québec province to the main centers of consumption in the south. Since the 1990s, Hydro-Québec has adopted a defense plan, consisting of various types of protection solutions including different remedial action schemes (RAS) and automatic action strategies, to increase the stability and reliability of its transmission system against extreme contingencies. One of these protection strategies is the automatic switching of shunt reactors (MAIS) 1 MAIS is the acronym of the French name of the project as M anoeuvre A utomatique d’ I nductance S hunt ( MAIS ). which has been in operation since 1997. The goal of the MAIS system is to keep the voltage profile of the whole 735-kV grid in an acceptable range to increase the transmission capacity. The MAIS system at each substation is entirely independent from neighbour substations and will close or trip shunt reactors just based on local measurements. As a periodical upgrade in all existing protection solutions in the Hydro-Québec power system, new functionalities have been added into the existing MAIS system to develop its new version to improve both the voltage profile and the frequency response. This paper presents this new version including the algorithm and the concept behind the new additional functionalities. The simulation results show the efficiency and performance of the proposed method. On that basis, a deployment on Hydro-Québec’s grid to replace almost all the existing MAIS system with this new version will be realized by 2030.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".