Adventive Weevils Recorded from North America: A Review and Illustrated Manual for their Identification (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, Excluding Scolytinae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book provides a comprehensive and current synopsis of adventive species of the Coleoptera superfamily Curculionoidea (weevils) reliably recorded from North America (continental USA and Canada). As of the date of this publication, in North America, 204 species in 120 genera, four families, 21 subfamilies, and 62 tribes are reported as adventive, constituting about 6.2% of the continental fauna of the Curculionoidea. One hundred eighty-two species are recorded from the USA overall while 117 species are listed from Canada. Eighty-seven species are recorded only from the USA, 22 species only from Canada, and 95 species are shared between both countries. One hundred seventy-two species are considered immigrant, or accidental arrivals (including nine species thought to represent range extensions from the Neotropics into the extreme southern USA), and 32 species were intentionally introduced as biocontrol agents against invasive weeds. One species, Otiorhynchus crataegi Germar, is newly recorded from North America. In North America, the family Curculionidae (true weevils) comprises the greatest number of adventive species (188, 92.2%) while the primitive weevil families Anthribidae, Belidae, and Brentidae together include 16 adventive species, 7.8% of the total. Of the 15 subfamilies of Curculionidae with adventive species, most are found in just three subfamilies, the Entiminae (62), the Curculioninae (30), and the Ceutorhynchinae (25). Most adventive weevils in North America originate from the Palearctic Region (148, 78.7%), followed by the Neotropical Region (36, 19.1%), Australasian Region (9, 4.8%), Asian Region (9, 4.8%), and Afrotropical Region (2, 1.1%). A synopsis for each species, including common names, taxonomic notes, general appearance, diagnosis, distribution, hosts, and selected references, is provided, and each is illustrated with high-resolution color habitus images. Two tables summarize the adventive fauna, including dates of first detection, region of origin, and distributional status. Sixteen images of morphological structures are also given. In addition to the 204 adventive species (including nine range extensions), another 20 species, currently not known to occur in North America but recognized as serious threats based on their economic significance as major pests of agricultural crops in their native and introduced ranges, are also reviewed and illustrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".