Advanced NDT inspection approach for aircraft composite panels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of composite materials in aircraft manufacturing is increasing, driven by the need for reduced weight and improved fuel efficiency. This trend extends to military aircraft, as defence manufacturers and suppliers seek to minimise operating costs. However, these composites are susceptible to various defects, which require the use of advanced Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques for their detection and evaluation. Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) is such an NDT technique that provides precise defect characterisation, including delaminations, cracks, voids, and porosity. Active Thermography (AT) is an alternative NDT technique that is emerging as a non-contact and full-field technique for identifying such defects. PAUT and AT are complementary techniques, and a synergistic approach that combines their capabilities promises enhanced aircraft safety and composite structure reliability. This paper presents research findings using PAUT equipment and active infrared thermography for identifying and evaluating defects in composites. The presented combined approach is expected to improve aircraft safety and composite structure reliability in aerospace applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".