Ridge Gap Waveguide Low Pass Filters: A Systematic Design Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In satellite communication systems, Low Pass Filters (LPFs) are used to remove harmonics generated from the power source, minimize interference, and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. Through the filter design process, various aspects must be considered such as the insertion loss, bandwidth, weight, and size. A stepped Impedance filter is a typical topology to realize the LPFs. The stepped impedance filter design process goes through multiple design steps starting from the normalized prototype design and ending with the realization of the filter sections. The filter realization significantly depends on the host guiding structure. This paper, presents, for the first time, a systematic design approach for the stepped impedance filter based on ridge gap waveguide technology. An accurate mathematical model for calculating a virtual cutoff for the ridge gap waveguide is introduced, which is deployed in the proposed design methodology. Moreover, a prototype of the stepped impedance filter is fabricated and measured, with measured results closely aligning with simulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".