Prevalence and Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Backyard Chickens of Khuzdar, Baluchistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevalence, severity, and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in backyard chickens in Khuzdar, Baluchistan. A total of 200 fecal samples (100 males and 100 females) were collected. During sample collection, a thorough physical examination was conducted, noting parameters such as consistency, color, odor, and any abnormalities. The samples were carefully maintained under cold chain conditions and transported to the Department of Veterinary Parasitology at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences for further analysis. Microscopic examination of the fecal samples focused on identifying helminths. Various techniques, including the direct smear method, floatation method, and sedimentation method, were employed to detect helminth eggs. The results revealed that 53.50% of the fecal samples tested positive for eggs of different gastrointestinal parasites. Among the study areas, the highest prevalence rate (66.00%) was observed in Tehsil Zehri, followed by Karakh (54.00%), Wadh (50.00%), and Naal (44.00%). Gender differences were significant, with female backyard chickens being more susceptible to helminthic infection (72.00%) compared to males (35.00%). However, no statistically significant difference was found in the age groups of the chickens (p>0.005). Among age groups, gastrointestinal parasite infection was highest (56.00%) in chickens above sixteen weeks, followed by 53.00% in the 0-6 weeks group and 52.00% in the 6-15 weeks group.High (>1500 EPG),Medium (500-1000 EPG),Low (<500 EPG) medium load areas had the highest severity burden of helminth infection (48.59%). Ascaridia galli ,54.20%)Raillietina tetragona :24.29%) and Raillietina cesticillus : 21.49%)The highest prevalence occurs in Tehsil Zehri, and female hens are more susceptible to helminthic infection. Older chickens exhibit higher infection rates. Notably, Ascaridia galli is the most prevalent species in the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".