FBMC vs. PAM and DMT for High-Speed Wireline Communication
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the first silicon-verified FBMC encoder and decoder designed to emulate beyond <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$224Gb/s$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wireline communication. It also compares the performance of FBMC to PAM and DMT in three steps. First, the digital power and area consumption are compared using measured results from the manufactured test chip. Second, the data rate is determined using lab-measured results. And third, the performance when subject to notched channels is analyzed using simulation results. Finally, we present a method to emulate wireline links while reducing the emulator complexity and simulation time by one to two orders of magnitude over conventional over-sampled techniques. Our analysis indicates that given a smooth channel and an SNR which enables an average spectral efficiency of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4bits/sec/Hz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a bit-error rate of 10-3, both DMT and FBMC perform similarly to a conventional PAM-4 link. However, when noise is reduced and a spectral notch is applied, thereby achieving an average spectral efficiency of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.6bits/sec/Hz$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, DMT and FBMC can outperform PAM by 2.1 and 2.3 times, respectively. In addition, we estimate FBMC’s encoder and decoder power consumption at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.53pJ/b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.98pJ/b$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, and area requirement at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.07mm^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.17mm^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, which is similar to DMT. These values are competitive with similar <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$22nm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> PAM transceivers, suggesting that DMT and FBMC are viable alternatives to PAM for next-generation high-speed wireline applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it