Novel exceptionally durable asymmetric double-side electrochromic device architecture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Owing to their immense potential in the fields of display boards and signage, portable/wearable electronics, adaptive camouflage, etc., the development of electrochromic materials (ECMs) and devices (ECDs) has attracted great attention from both academia and industry. However, despite the rapid progress in this area, traditional ECMs have a number of obstacles and limitations that encourage us to look for new solutions. Here we introduce a novel, non-conventional ECD architecture that includes two different electrodes separated by an opaque membrane, which is impregnated with a lithium carbonate-based electrolyte. In contrast to a traditional ECD, in which the colors of ECMs on both electrodes define the resulting color of the device, the incorporation of an opaque membrane allows for the separation of the optical properties of each electrode. Working in the bilateral mode, where the application of −2/2 V sequentially switches both sides of the device between colored and bleached states, ECD demonstrates very good stability performing 12,000 cycles. When operating in the unilateral mode, where the application of 0/2 V results in the color switch of the working electrode (WE) only, the device shows extraordinarily high stability of 100,000 cycles on iron-based side. Follow-up cycling on the osmium-based side demonstrates successful ECD performance for another 23,000 cycles. The superior long-term durability of non-conventional asymmetric double-sided ECD makes the proposed architecture promising for future practical applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".