Novel exceptionally durable asymmetric double-side electrochromic device architecture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Owing to their immense potential in the fields of display boards and signage, portable/wearable electronics, adaptive camouflage, etc., the development of electrochromic materials (ECMs) and devices (ECDs) has attracted great attention from both academia and industry. However, despite the rapid progress in this area, traditional ECMs have a number of obstacles and limitations that encourage us to look for new solutions. Here we introduce a novel, non-conventional ECD architecture that includes two different electrodes separated by an opaque membrane, which is impregnated with a lithium carbonate-based electrolyte. In contrast to a traditional ECD, in which the colors of ECMs on both electrodes define the resulting color of the device, the incorporation of an opaque membrane allows for the separation of the optical properties of each electrode. Working in the bilateral mode, where the application of −2/2 V sequentially switches both sides of the device between colored and bleached states, ECD demonstrates very good stability performing 12,000 cycles. When operating in the unilateral mode, where the application of 0/2 V results in the color switch of the working electrode (WE) only, the device shows extraordinarily high stability of 100,000 cycles on iron-based side. Follow-up cycling on the osmium-based side demonstrates successful ECD performance for another 23,000 cycles. The superior long-term durability of non-conventional asymmetric double-sided ECD makes the proposed architecture promising for future practical applications. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. • Novel unique non-conventional asymmetric double-side electrochromic device architecture. • Surface-confined metal-organic monolayers on high-surface-area conductive indium tin oxide electrodes. • The immobilization of isostructural iron or osmium complexes allows for identical molecular loading on the electrode materials. • Outstanding performance in unilateral and bilateral modes of operation, ultra-long durability of 10 5+ electrochemical cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".