Intrusive origin of a 4.8 meter thick ground ice body within a polygonal peatland along the Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk Highway, NWT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A seemingly unusual 4.8-m-thick ground ice body between 2.1 m and 6.9 m depth, within a polygonal peatland adjacent to the Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk Highway (ITH), was recovered by the Sentinel drill program in 2017.Characterizing the nature of large ground ice bodies is necessary for predicting the potential effects of ground ice thaw on highway embankment stability.Here, we characterize the ground ice body and hosting sediments using Computed Tomography (CT), radiocarbon dating, geochemistry (𝛿𝛿D, 𝛿𝛿 18 O, and d-excess), and cryostratigraphy.CT scanning was performed to quantify ice textures, including bubble content, shape, size, and orientation.The ice has a milky-white to clear horizontal tabular appearance with consistent vertical bubble train dispersals.Stable isotopes range from -27‰ to -18‰ (𝛿𝛿 18 O) and -219‰ to -149‰ (𝛿𝛿D), comparable to modern isotope values and a co-isotope slope similar to the local meteoric water line.This indicates ice formation likely derived from atmospheric water sources, with little evaporative transformation, in the Late Holocene.Given the thickness, sharp upper contact with the peat, and tabular appearance, we interpret this ground ice body as being of injection ice origin.Injection ice is typically not associated with peatlands, but has been observed in isolated occurrences in the area.The results here indicate that polygonal peatlands, widespread throughout the western Arctic and along the ITH, may have higher ground ice contents and potential for subsidence than previously inferred.1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".