Capture zone uncertainty and the dynamics of well vulnerability as permafrost thaws – Whatì, NWT, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thawing permafrost modifies the conditions of the ground and can impact groundwater connectivity, quantity, and quality.These changes may increase the contaminant threats to drinking water for communities relying on nearby production wells.This study evaluated possible changes in vulnerability for a community well in Whatì (Northwest Territories, Canada), located in a discontinuous permafrost region beside Lac La Martre, the third largest lake of the Northwest Territories.The community well was installed in a talik at a depth of around 12 m.Where present, the permafrost in the area is warm (> -2 °C) and can be found starting at depths between two and five meters.A two-dimensional analytical method was used to visualize possible theoretical well capture zones for a wedge-shaped aquifer representing the peninsula on which the community is located.Average well pumping rates and aquifer hydraulic conductivity values were employed.Two scenarios simulated stages of likely permafrost thaw based on observations within the community in the 1980s and 1990s and recent field studies at the edge of the community.Results indicate that the well capture zone may initially have underlain a portion of community but that it has likely expanded due to permafrost thaw, now possibly including areas of the land surface with previously unlikely contaminant threats such as more heating fuel storage tanks, the landfill, and wastewater disposal sites.This study highlights the importance of assessing the vulnerability of wells located in permafrost zones in the context of climate change.1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".