Electrocatalysts for the oxidation of ethanol in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, electrolysis cells, and sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potential for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) to provide sustainable, widely accessible power has driven development electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) over several decades. However, low power output, low efficiencies, and the production of acetic acid and acetaldehyde byproducts has caused progress to stall. Consequently, interest in this area is transitioning to electrolysis of ethanol to produce green hydrogen and commodity chemicals. Concurrently, applications of DEFC as breath alcohol sensors in breathalyzers are increasing, and this has become an established commercial market for EOR catalysts. Progress in the development of these technologies has been hampered by the limited number of catalysts that have been evaluated in proton exchange membrane cells, the paucity of data on product distributions, and limited gas-phase-sensing studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".