Recent Advancements in Mode Division Multiplexing for Communication and Computation in Silicon Photonics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) is a technique used over the past decade in Silicon Photonics (SiPh) to incorporate more data into communication links by employing higher-order transverse electric or transverse magnetic modes. MDM was primarily used in optical communication; however, in recent years, there have been several applications of MDM in optical computing, including both classical and quantum computing. Although MDM has shown great promise for increasing the throughput of optical communication and the accuracy and fidelity of optical computation, there are a few challenges towards expanding its applications. One major challenge is the lack of process design kits (PDKs) and building block libraries compatible with standard SiPh foundries. Here, we present a comprehensive library of MDM components developed using classical and inverse design, compatible with standard 220 nm SiPh foundries. The library includes thermo-optic phase shifters, mode multiplexers and demultiplexers, mode converters, mode exchangers, and multi-mode interference couplers. We also discuss our recent achievements in MDM for datacom, classical and quantum optical computing, including a mode-selective switch for mode-reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM), multimode multiply-accumulate operation, and multimode photonic quantum processors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".