A cloud-oriented data-analysis framework to analyze peak demand dynamics in institutional building clusters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Data analysis framework to examine institutional buildings’ peak electrical demand. • Quantile-based metrics are introduced to comprehend peaking patterns in buildings. • Cross building ranking is established to identify electrically inefficient buildings. • Framework was implemented and tested in real world university settings. • Cloud-based dashboard was developed for visually intuitive display of results. Peak loads in higher education institutional building clusters (IBCs) possess considerable economic repercussions on their overall operations. Thus, identifying electrically inefficient buildings presents a significant opportunity to curtail peak loads and promote energy efficiency in IBCs. Existing literature implements clustering algorithms to comprehend the electrical demand dynamics of buildings to analyze disparity in their load behavior. These techniques perform well in single building environment, however, fall short in comprehending the demand dynamics for building clusters, specifically during peak loads. This study introduces a cloud-oriented quantile-based data analysis framework, specifically designed for simultaneously evaluating demand profiles of multiple buildings within IBCs. Quantile-based metrics namely, Value-at-Risk, Conditional Value-at-Risk and Conditional Value-at-Risk standard deviation are implemented to comprehend the electrical fluctuations and quantify the electrical impact of each building during campus-wide peak demands. A cross-building comparison is established by linearly ranking buildings following two key criteria: (i) buildings with frequent demand fluctuations and (ii) buildings exerting a high electrical impact on overall IBC demand. Both criteria are equally weighted while ranking to identify the most inefficient buildings during peak loads. The framework is implemented in a Canadian university and resulted a substantial 50 MW demand reduction through recommissioning and retrofitting of inefficient buildings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".