Active Food Packaging Composite Films from Bast Fibers-Derived Cellulose Nanofibrils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increasing concerns about food waste and environmental pollution call for highly efficient food packaging materials from sustainable sources. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are emerging sustainable materials, and more nonwoody biomasses should be used to prepare CNF-based food packaging materials due to the commercial applications of wood pulp. Herein, we explored the use of four bast fibers to produce CNFs via ball milling and high-pressure homogenization to produce CNF suspensions that were spray-coated onto model fruits (e.g., banana and mango) for food preservation. Unlike other CNF coatings derived from ramie, flax, and kenaf fibers, jute-derived CNF coating significantly prolonged the shelf life of fruits, due to its improved homogeneity, higher oxygen and UV barrier properties, and higher antioxidant activity. This work offers a new strategy to prepare sustainable active packaging materials from natural biomass without chemical modification or additive, boosting related applications in the fields of food and agriculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".