A universal method for precise in situ control of stoichiometry and termination of epitaxial perovskite thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> The perovskite ABO3 structure forms the basis for a wide range of functional and quantum materials discussed in the literature, although applications so far have been limited in part because accurate control of film stoichiometry and the ability to precisely construct heterostructures continues to lag behind their conventional semiconductor counterparts. While layer-by-layer growth mode is often cited for perovskite films, most transition-metal perovskite oxides self-assemble via an energetically-favorable layer-inversion mechanism whose phenomenology we demonstrate can be exploited to precisely adjust the stoichiometry and surface termination at any point during growth. Layer inversion results in a universal behavior of the in situ electron diffraction rocking curves and diffracted-beam intensity oscillations during alternating A- and B-site shuttered growth for a wide range of polar and nonpolar surfaces. We present a model that permits unambiguous interpretation of the oscillations, providing for the first time a completely in situ method for precise relative and absolute calibration of multielemental A- and B-site fluxes at the percent level, and apply it to successfully grow a single-phase high-entropy oxide film.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".