Boosting light-driven hydrogen evolution through cerium vanadate/cerium sulphide type–II heterostructure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fabrication of heterostructures to boost the light-driven hydrogen evolution is one of the efficient way to address the energy crisis across the globe. Cerium vanadate (CeV)/Cerium sulphide (CeS) heterostructure has been synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. Structural, spectroscopic, morphological, optical and photoelectrochemical characterizations confirm the formation of heterostructure between CeV and CeS. Photochemical hydrogen evolution was observed in all the three catalysts (CeV, CeS and CeV/CeS) both under visible and ultraviolet light sources. CeS, CeV and CeV/CeS found to evolve 3897, 6453 and 12,456 μmol of hydrogen in 4 h, respectively under visible light. In addition photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution experiment was conducted in which, CeV/CeS heterostructure showed high photocurrent density at 0.25 V vs. RHE, which is almost 1.47 folds greater than that of CeV and 2.1 times that of CeS. The optical and electrochemical characteristics shows that photocatalytic hydrogen evolution follows type-II heterostructure. A good stability of the CeV/CeS heterostructure finds its suitability for practical applications for various photocatalytic experiments. • Simple and facile fabrication of CeVO 4 /Ce 2 S 3 heterostructure. • Enhanced photochemical, electrochemical and photochemical activity in CeV/CeS than pristine materials. • Synthesized materials showed good photochemical and photoelectrochemical H 2 evolution. • CeS, CeV and CeV/CeS found to evolve 3897, 6453 and 12,456 μmol of hydrogen in 4 h. • Photoctalytic mechanism follows type-II heterostructure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".