Resilient Event Triggered Interval Type‐2 Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Subjected to Multiple Cyber Attacks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are considered a hot area of research in the field of intelligent transportation systems. However, over the past few years, cybersecurity threats have posed significant challenges to such systems, given the ever‐evolving automotive industry. Thus, there is a growing need to design resilient control strategies to address the issue of cyberattacks. This article proposes the design of a distributed multiagent expert control scheme for cyberattack‐resilient control of CAVs. The study implemented an event‐triggered consensus‐based attack detection scheme capable of distinguishing between replay (RA), denial‐of‐service (DoS), and false data injection (FDI) attacks. The attacks in this study occur randomly, are bounded and time‐varying, and can overlap with each other. It was demonstrated that by considering an estimator error bound ε for the attacked signal reconstruction, the SMC controller in feedback with a vehicle remains stable in the sense of Lyapunov. Conditions were then provided that guarantee global asymptotic stability for a minimum dwell‐time constraint , and the platoon was shown to be string stable for the minimum distance between vehicles, denoted as . Finally, the performance of the control strategy was evaluated using multiple performance indices, considering platoons of varying sizes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".