Single-crystal TiNb2O7 materials via sustainable synthesis for fast-charging lithium-ion battery anodes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
TiNb 2 O 7 (TNO) has emerged as a promising fast-charging anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, research on TNO anode materials has been mostly restricted to synthesis of polycrystalline with limited associated mechanistic studies. Herein, we report a novel scalable aqueous synthesis method yielding sub-micron size single-crystal TNO particles following calcination that enables fast-charging anode fabrication. The sustainable co-precipitation process yields amorphous intermediate hydroxides which upon thermal conversion induced crystallization form single crystals. The obtained TNO monocrystalline anode material under 900 °C calcination (TNO-900C) delivers a high gravimetric capacity (279 mAh/g at 1st cycle) and a high volumetric capacity (351.7 mAh/cm 3 at the initial cycle) at 0.5C rate. Additionally, the TNO anode delivers a remarkable capacity of 223 mAh/g at 5C and a high retention of 81.4 % after 200 cycles. In addition, TNO-900C illustrates outstanding fast-charging performance with a reversible capacity of 200 mAh/g at 10C. The intercalation mechanism and diffusion behavior of the monocrystalline TNO anodes are elucidated by electrochemical kinetic analysis (GITT, CV, and EIS). The remarkable fast charging Li-ion storage performance can be attributed to a high Li + diffusion coefficient (1.37 × 10 −13 cm 2 /s), low polarization, and high structural stability. • Single-crystal TiNb 2 O 7 materials exhibiting remarkable fast-charging performance • Novel synthesis method featuring hydrolytic precipitation and calcination for sustainable production • High Li + diffusion kinetics and redox intercalation mechanism revealed by electrochemical characterization
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it