Anthropometric and cardiometabolic evolution during DIABEPIC 2 pilot study: type 2 diabetes remission program designed for cardiovascular prevention
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background The most studied strategies for type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission are bariatric surgery and continuous low-calorie diet. DIABÉPIC 2 pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of a T2D remission program based on nutritional and training interventions with known cardiovascular benefits. Thirteen of the 34 diabetics who completed the program were treatment-free at 6 months with an Hb1Ac < 6.5% (Remission group). In contrast, the other 21 diabetics did not reach the criteria of T2D remission (No remission group). Objective Evaluate exploratory cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction and the change in anthropometric and cardiometabolic values, for the whole sample and between the remission and no remission groups. Methods TD2 adults were recruited (Hb1Ac > 6.5% or on oral glucose-lowering agents). Interventions involved dietary education (ultra-processed food withdrawal, Mediterranean diet moderate in carbohydrates) and aerobic and strength training. Participants were also randomized (2:1) to an intermittent fasting protocol (figure 1). Bioimpedance analysis (Seca mBCA 514) and blood tests were performed prior to and at the end of the program. A multivariate repeated-measure ANOVA was used to assess group differences, regarding the change in all anthropometric and cardiometabolic markers presented. Exploratory one-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to compare pre-post differences. All effect sizes are reported using the partial Eta-squared. Results 34 participants (41.2% women, 63.6 ± 9.2 years old, T2D duration 7.4 ± 6.7 years, Hb1Ac 6.7 ± 0.7 %). The multivariate analysis showed a group effect (remission vs. no remission) only in the change in triglycerides (TG) (p=0.015, h2p = 0.171). The exploratory analysis in the whole sample (n=34), showed a significant improvement in all anthropometric values: weight -6.8 kg (-9.3 to -4.4, p<0.001), waist -7.5 cm (-9.4 to -5.5, p<0.001), visceral fat -1.3 liters (-1.8 to -0.9, p<0.001), fat mass -3.7% (-4.9 to -2.5, p<0.001), lean mass +3.7% (2.5 to 4.9, 0<0.001). For cardiometabolic parameters, there was a significant change in TG -0.3mmo/l (-0.5 to -0.1, p=0.002), alanine transaminase -7.5 U/L (-14.7 to -0.3, p=0.012), C-reactive protein-high sensibility -1.1 mg/L (-2.0 to -0.2, p=0.004), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) +0.1 (-0.0 to 0.2, p=0.020), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol +0.2 (-0.0 to 0.4, p=0.036) and TG/HDL-C ratio -0.3 (-0.4 to -0.1, p=0.002), (figure 2 for complete results). Conclusion The difference in the evolution of anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters between the remission and no remission groups was significant only for the TGs, underlining the magnitude of improvements even in the group that did not achieve T2D remission. In addition to the current T2D remission criteria, the CV risk reduction efficacy of selected interventions should be considered in program design. Larger clinical studies are needed to confirm these results. Figure 1. Interventions. Figure 2. Results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".