"The Spaces in Between": Exploring Second-generation Youth Identity: A Case Study of Bangladeshi-Canadian Youth in Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores the experiences of second-generation Bangladeshi-Canadian youth when it comes to identity construction and their sense of belongingness. Through interviews with three Bangladeshi-Canadian youth (ages, 18-24), this study sought out to answer the primary research questions: (i) What elements of their social identities are important to the secondgeneration Bangladeshi-Canadian youth in the GTA? (ii) Do they identify with hybrid or hyphenated identities? (iii) To what extent does discrimination or exclusion either from the Bangladeshi or Canadian community influences the formation of their identities? The analysis suggests that Bangladeshi-Canadian youth identify with a hyphenated identity in which they have constructed through several influences they have experienced inside of their homes and ethnic cultures, and outside within the dominant Canadian society. Youths' hybrid identities exemplify their skilled abilities to navigate between two dominant cultures, shifting their identities when necessary, and creating their own definitions of identity in the spaces between.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.044 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".