Toronto Housing: Considered and Reconsidered an Understanding of the Missing Middle as a Potential Response to the Affordability Crisis in the Toronto Housing Market
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis explores the architecture behind issues in the housing market of Toronto, Canada. Issues such as the lack of housing supply and the limited types supplied in terms of housing type and ownership structure are evident in propelling housing affordability and accessibility issues. Toronto's zoning by-laws favour single-family houses and then high-rise buildings, leaving a large gradient of housing types and alternatives unavailable. This is the Missing Middle. Addressing the Missing Middle can assist in responding to issues seen in the Toronto housing market and other markets across North America. The research focuses on three main forces shaping residential development in Toronto since 1793: 1) Government, 2) Finance, 3) Market, and other influencing factors. The design project proposes an architectural response to a neighbourhood in Toronto's Yellowbelt that could benefit from densification in an attempt to provide a palatable design option the market will accept.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".