Characterization of Liposomal Release Temperature Using a Low Field Magnetic Resonance System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of liposomes as chemotherapeutic carriers has been the subject of many research studies, with emphasis on enhancing the therapeutic index by increasing effect on cancer cells and reducing side effects. An important parameter to characterize for thermosensitive liposomes, TSLs, is the release temperature, Tr, the temperature at which liposomes release most of their content. By loading liposomes with a contrast agent such as Mn2+, a benchtop NMR system can be used to determine Tr through incremental heating. In this work, the release temperature was extracted from relaxometry measurements of Mn2+-loaded TSLs. Tr values were then compared with transition temperature values, Tm, the temperature at which liposomes’ bilayer changes state, obtained by a standard technique. The difference of the average values between Tr and Tm was approximately 0.5 oC. The discrepancy is due to artifacts produced by the standard technique. Nonetheless, Tm can be used to predict Tr.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".