Development of a Model-free Reinforcement Learning for a Heat Recovery Chiller System Optimization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heat recovery chiller (HRC) systems have significant strategic value to reduce building greenhouse gas emissions, although this potential remains unrealized in practice. Real-time optimization using model-free reinforcement learning (RL) provides a potential solution to this challenge. In recent years, advances in RL using deep learning, open a path to new advanced RL applications, including building applications. RL`s main benefits for HRC optimization compared to rule-based and supervised learning methods is that: RL does not require knowledge of the system a priori to optimize the system; and because the RL system is not essential to maintain loads or comfort in the building, RL training can be achieved without compromising 2 the building main function. A full-scale case study of RL in the 6,000 m academic laboratory Centre for Innovation (CUI) at Toronto Metropolitan University (TMU), formally Ryerson University, was completed (ASHRAE Climate Zone 5). Data was collected from the CUI TMU laboratory building in Toronto, Canada directly from the Building Automation System (BAS) and was analyzed in an RL in three steps; (1) Analysis of the HRC system; (2) Feature selection; and (3) RL agent development. This approach could permit a more stable and robust implementation of model-free RL and the methodology allowed operator-identified constraints to be translated into reward functions more broadly, allowing for a generalization to similar heat recovery chiller systems. The result from the RL experiment appeared to show that the actorcritic RL could learn and provide an increasingly accurate prediction of the reward over time which could lead to the maximization of cost savings. Based on the results, HRC systems appear to be good candidates for RL since the learning process did not affect comfort and operation. Keywords: Building Automation System, Decarbonized Heating, Reinforcement Learning, Heat Recovery Chiller, Optimization
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".