From 5G to 6G Networks: A Survey on AI-Based Jamming and Interference Detection and Mitigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fifth-generation and Beyond (5GB) networks are transformational technologies to revolutionize future wireless communications in terms of massive connectivity, higher capacity, lower latency, and ultra-high reliability. To this end, 5GB networks are designed as a coalescence of various schemes and enabling technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-assisted networks, vehicular networks, heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs), Internet of Things (IoT), device-to-device (D2D) communication, millimeter-wave (mm-wave), massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), re-configurable intelligent surface (RIS) and Terahertz (THz) communications. Due to the scarcity of licensed bands and the co-existence of multiple technologies in unlicensed bands, interference management is a pivotal factor in enhancing the user experience and quality of service (QoS) in future-generation networks. However, due to the highly complex scenarios, conventional interference mitigation techniques may not be suitable in 5GB networks. To cope with this, researchers have investigated artificial intelligence (AI)-based interference management techniques to tackle complex environments. Existing surveys either focus on conventional interference management methods or AI-based interference management only for a specific scheme or technology. This survey article complements the existing survey literature by providing a detailed review of AI-based intentional-interference management such as jamming detection and mitigation, and AI-enabled unintentional-interference mitigation techniques from the standpoints of UAV-assisted networks, vehicular networks, HCNs, D2D, IoT, mmWave-MIMO, NOMA, and THz communications. While identifying and presenting the AI-based techniques for interference management in 5G and beyond networks, this article also points out the challenges, open issues, and future research directions to adopt AI-enabled techniques to curtail the effects of interference in 5GB and towards 6G networks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".