Polar bear dens on the Seal and Caribou Rivers, Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During aerial surveys, we opportunistically located clusters of polar bear ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) earth dens on and near the Seal and Caribou Rivers in Northern Manitoba in 2011, 2022, and 2023. Polar bear denning has not been documented in the published literature there before, but there is local knowledge of denning in this area. These dens are of two different types (shallow dens and pits), with similar characteristics to those in the Western Hudson Bay polar bear subpopulation’s main denning area, 120 km farther south. It is not possible to determine whether these findings represent a northward extension of denning by this subpopulation but changes in den distribution, particularly in such previously overlooked areas, need to be monitored and understood to effectively conserve polar bears in a warming climate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".