Variable Window Size Moving Average Filter for Phase-Locked-Loop Synchronization
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficient grid synchronization is crucial for integrating renewable energy sources and Flexible AC Transmission systems (FACTs) into power grids. This paper addresses the challenges faced by Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked Loops (SRF-PLLs) in harmonic-polluted grids and proposes a novel solution employing Moving Average Filters (MAFs). The conventional MAF-PLL with a fundamental period window size provides harmonic rejection but slows down the dynamic response. To enhance MAF-PLL performance under harmonic-polluted grid conditions, we introduce a Variable Window Size (VWS) MAF. The proposed VWS-MAF adapts its window size based on the dominant frequency of oscillation in the dq frame, determined using Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). The proposed method ensures minimum window size, based on grid conditions, which improves the dynamic response while maintaining harmonic rejection capabilities. The proposed method offers improved adaptability and promising performance in elimination of integer harmonics, DC offset, interharmonics, and negative sequence component. Simulation and experimental studies are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of VWS-MAF, positioning it as a noteworthy advancement in PLL technology for robust grid synchronization.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it