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Cygnus X-3 revealed as a Galactic ultraluminous X-ray source by IXPE
Alexandra Veledina, Fabio Muleri, Juri Poutanen, Jakub Podgorný, Michal Dovčiak, Fiamma Capitanio, E. Churazov, Alessandra De Rosa, Alessandro Di Marco, Sofia V. Forsblom, P. Kaaret, H. Krawczynski, Fabio La Monaca, Vladislav Loktev, A. Lutovinov, S. Molkov, Alexander A. Mushtukov, Ajay Ratheesh, Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, James F. Steiner, R. Sunyaev, Sergey S. Tsygankov, Martin C. Weisskopf, A. A. Zdziarski, S. Bianchi, Joe Bright, Н. Н. Бурсов, E. Costa, E. Egron, Javier A. Garcia, David A. Green, Mark Gurwell, Adam Ingram, J. J. E. Kajava, Ruta Kale, A. Kraus, D. Malyshev, Frédéric Marin, G. Matt, Michael L. McCollough, I. A. Mereminskiy, Nikolaj Nizhelsky, G. Piano, M. Pilia, C. Pittori, Ramprasad Rao, S. Righini, P. Soffitta, Anton Shevchenko, Jiří Svoboda, Francesco Tombesi, С. А. Трушкин, П. Г. Цыбулев, F. Ursini, Kinwah Wu, I. Agudo, L. A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, L. Baldini, W. H. Baumgartner, R. Bellazzini, Stephen D. Bongiorno, R. Bonino, A. Brez, N. Bucciantini, Simone Castellano, E. Cavazzuti, Chien‐Ting Chen, S. Ciprini, E. Del Monte, Laura Di Gesu, Niccolò Di Lalla, I. Donnarumma, Victor Doroshenko, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Y. Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl, W. Iwakiri, Svetlana G. Jorstad, V. Karas, Fabian Kislat, Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, L. Latronico, Ioannis Liodakis, S. Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Andrea Marinucci, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, F. Massaro, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Michela Negro, C.‐Y. Ng, Stephen L. O’Dell, N. Omodei, C. Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Abel L. Peirson, M. Perri, M. Pesce-Rollins, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, Andrea Possenti, Simonetta Puccetti, Brian D. Ramsey, John Rankin, O. J. Roberts, Roger W. Romani, C. Sgró, Patrick Slane, G. Spandre, Doug Swartz, Toru Tamagawa, F. Tavecchio, Roberto Taverna, Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant, Nicholas E. Thomas, A. Trois, R. Turolla, Jacco Vink, Fei Xie, Silvia Zane
Bibliographic record
VenueNature Astronomy · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British Columbia
FundersIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationMarshall Space Flight CenterIstituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaAgenzia Spaziale ItalianaEuropean CommissionAcademia SinicaNuclear Safety and Security CommissionGrantová Agentura České RepublikyDeutscher Akademischer AustauschdienstSmithsonian Astrophysical ObservatoryTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of IndiaNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationAkademie Věd České RepublikyUK Research and InnovationNuclear PhysicsSmithsonian Institution
KeywordsPhysicsAstrophysicsAccretion (finance)Eddington luminosityOutflowActive galactic nucleusLuminosityPolarization (electrochemistry)AstronomyX-rayGalaxyOptics
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.668
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.004
GPT teacher head0.230
Teacher spread0.226 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations49
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractno