Protease enzymes from <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> as potential bioagents against <i>Pratylenchus loosi</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Root lesion nematode of tea (Pratylenchus loosi) is one of the most dangerous and destructive pests in all areas of the world where tea grows. Rhizobacteria with nematicidal properties were screened using the soils of root lesion nematode-infected tea fields located in Guilan province, Iran. Effective bacteria were identified based on molecular and biochemical methods. Protease enzyme production was investigated on skim milk agar (1%) medium. The effects of temperature and pH on the amount of protease production by bacteria were investigated. Three protease inhibitors, namely PMSF, EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, were investigated. In total, 150 bacterial strains were isolated from tea rhizosphere using the spread-plating technique and nutrient agar medium, of which four bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas spp. had nematicidal properties in the range of 84.98% to 95.24%. Two of the bacterial isolates, RH25 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and RH37 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), had the largest clear zone of proteolysis on skim milk agar and were subjected to various biochemical tests. The influences of time (1 to 120 h), temperature (22 to 37°C) and pH (7.0 to 8.5) were investigated in the production of protease. The highest enzyme production was obtained from growing RH37 and RH25 on mineral medium when incubated at temperatures of 26°C and 30°C for 72 and 96 h and at initial pH values of 7.2 and 7.6, respectively. Proteases obtained from RH37 (P. fluorescens) belonged to the metalloprotease and serine protease families and the one produced by RH25 (P. aeruginosa) was a metalloprotease. According to the results of this research, the most effective control mechanism of these bacteria against nematodes is the production of bacterial protease. This mechanism can be exploited to control nematodes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".