Voice versus Rights: The First Nations Voice and the Australian Constitutional Legitimacy Crisis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For almost three decades, Australia has been locked in a public and political debate about whether and how to ‘recognise’ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the Australian Constitution. Omnipresent in these debates is the question of sovereignty, over which there is ongoing disagreement, leading to a chronic crisis of legitimacy. In this article, we compare the two substantive recognition reform options that have dominated the contemporary debate: rights and Voice. Recognition through a First Nations Voice is a proposal that, unlike rights, relies on both deliberative and democratic characteristics to address Australia’s legitimacy problems. We identify this as a key reason animating calls for a Voice from First Nations themselves. The Voice, operating as a vehicle through which First Nations can speak directly to the Parliament, has the potential to set up a deliberative and democratic process for the gradual working through of competing legitimacy claims.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.031 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".