“KARYMS” — THE PHENOMENON OF INTERETHNIC MIXING OF RUSSIANS AND BURYATS IN THE SOUTHEAST OF EASTERN SIBERIA
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on fieldwork, archival, literary, and electronic sources, the article explores the phenomenon of interethnic mixing of Russians and Buryats in the southeast of Eastern Siberia — the settled indigenous people, the Karyms. Ideographic and comparative methods have allowed considering this topic from the imperial era to the 21st century. Since the late 17th century, the region became an arena for interaction between two peoples, races, language families, cultures, and religions. The nomadic experience of the Buryats provided cultural receptions for the adaptation of Russians. It is revealed that imperial policies regarding the Karyms, on one hand, supported internal isolation of traditional Buryat and Russian societies, while, on the other hand, implementing a gradual ac-culturation of some baptized Buryats who transitioned, thanks to interethnic marriage, to a settled way of life. Three stages in the formation of the Karyms identity are identified. The first, imperial stage, involved the formation of an interethnic group of indigenous people with special rights and duties, leading a settled lifestyle as peasant-farmers under Steppe councils. Isolation and the border position shaped an ethnic group with a common origin, culture, language, and self-awareness. The second stage was a period of voluntary assimilation: during Soviet times, the Karyms reasonably identified themselves as Russians. The third stage, in the 21st century, sees the Karyms descendants striving to officially assert themselves. The correlation between the concepts of “Karym” and “metis” is examined, proving their ambiguity. The term “metis” denotes a borderline anthropological type, referring to an individual’s phenotype. The Karyms represent a phenomenon of interethnic mixing between Russians and the Buryats in the southeast of Eastern Siberia, the result of one facet of Russia’s colonial policy that contributed to stabilizing the ethno-political and demographic situation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it