“KARYMS” — THE PHENOMENON OF INTERETHNIC MIXING OF RUSSIANS AND BURYATS IN THE SOUTHEAST OF EASTERN SIBERIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on fieldwork, archival, literary, and electronic sources, the article explores the phenomenon of interethnic mixing of Russians and Buryats in the southeast of Eastern Siberia — the settled indigenous people, the Karyms. Ideographic and comparative methods have allowed considering this topic from the imperial era to the 21st century. Since the late 17th century, the region became an arena for interaction between two peoples, races, language families, cultures, and religions. The nomadic experience of the Buryats provided cultural receptions for the adaptation of Russians. It is revealed that imperial policies regarding the Karyms, on one hand, supported internal isolation of traditional Buryat and Russian societies, while, on the other hand, implementing a gradual ac-culturation of some baptized Buryats who transitioned, thanks to interethnic marriage, to a settled way of life. Three stages in the formation of the Karyms identity are identified. The first, imperial stage, involved the formation of an interethnic group of indigenous people with special rights and duties, leading a settled lifestyle as peasant-farmers under Steppe councils. Isolation and the border position shaped an ethnic group with a common origin, culture, language, and self-awareness. The second stage was a period of voluntary assimilation: during Soviet times, the Karyms reasonably identified themselves as Russians. The third stage, in the 21st century, sees the Karyms descendants striving to officially assert themselves. The correlation between the concepts of “Karym” and “metis” is examined, proving their ambiguity. The term “metis” denotes a borderline anthropological type, referring to an individual’s phenotype. The Karyms represent a phenomenon of interethnic mixing between Russians and the Buryats in the southeast of Eastern Siberia, the result of one facet of Russia’s colonial policy that contributed to stabilizing the ethno-political and demographic situation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".