WeiWu: Esoteric Buddhism in China: Engaging Japanese and Tibetan Traditions, 1912–1949. New York: Columbia University Press, 2024; pp. 312.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
to Baptism in the community, where traditional Baptist faith has recently come into increasing conflict with newer trends.Part of this evolution turned early converts into converters themselves, becoming disseminators of American Baptism in regions inaccessible by Western missionaries.The evangelical tradition adopted by Naga Baptist missionaries, Chophy argues convincingly, was a natural progression among the converted Naga Baptists who "now saw in their eastern Naga brethren a reflection of themselves before their own conversion" (p.171).Yet despite the increasing breadth of American Baptism in the region, deep-rooted diversity of language and culture remained; Chapter 4 makes brief reference to the role that Baptist missions played in promoting indigenous languages through facilitating numerous translations of the Bible to support their mission.In the final section of the book (Chapters 6-9), Chophy further focuses his attention on the experience of Naga Baptists within a rapidly changing modern political and cultural climate, particularly within a nation increasingly divided by religious tension between a Hindu majority population and varied religious minority groups.These chapters are structured less clearly than the rest of the book and sometimes meander in focus.They oscillate for the most part between semi-biographical accounts and framing of those accounts within their sociohistorical background.At times, these transitions are slightly jarring.Nevertheless, Chophy succeeds in conveying both the unique narratives of prominent Naga spiritual and political leaders and the broader context that gave rise to those narratives.Throughout the book, Chophy alternates between historical narrative and analysis of modernity.Though this is a difficult balance to maintain, Chophy successfully transitions between the two by deftly drawing and expanding upon the influence of the first upon the material of the second.The extent to which the Naga Baptist is satisfactorily "distinguished" is debatable.Nevertheless, the community is more than sufficiently framed within its unique socio-historical context, and the challenges it faces in the futurewhich share a kinship with those faced by other minority ethnoreligious groups in the developing worldare clearly and thoughtfully articulated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".