Beyond Histones: Unveiling the Functional Roles of Protein Acetylation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lysine acetylation plays a crucial role in cellular processes and is found across various evolutionary organisms. Recent advancements in proteomic techniques revealed the presence of acetylation in thousands of non-histone proteins. Here, we conducted extensive meta-analysis of 48 acetylomes spanning diverse organisms, including archaea, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, plants, insects, crustacea, fish, and mammals. Our analyzes revealed a predominance of a single acetylation site in a protein detected in all studied organisms, and proteins heavily acetylated, with >5-10 acetylated-sites, were represented by Hsp70, histone or transcription GTP-biding domain. Moreover, using gene enrichment approaches we found that ATP metabolic processes, glycolysis, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pathways and oxidative stress response are among the most acetylated cellular processes. Finally, to better explore the regulatory function of acetylation in glycolysis and oxidative stress we used aldolase and superoxide dismutase A (SODA) enzymes as model. For aldolase, we found that K147 acetylation, responsible to regulate human enzyme, conserved in all phylogenic clade, suggesting that this acetylation might play the same role in other species; while for SODA, we identified many lysine residues in different species present in the tunnel region, which was demonstrated for human and Trypanosoma cruzi, as negative regulator, also suggesting a conserved regulatory mechanism. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the conservation and functional significance of lysine acetylation in different organisms emphasizing its roles in cellular processes, metabolic pathways, and molecular regulation, shedding light in the extensive function of non-histone lysine acetylation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".