Exploring Vietnamese Pain Terms and Pain Descriptors: To What Extent are the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) Words Employed in the Vietnamese Context?
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to investigate Vietnamese pain terms and pain descriptors with a focus on how the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) words are utilised by the Vietnamese patients. Semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data from twenty-six Vietnamese female cancer patients. The data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The findings indicated that đau (hurt), nhức (ache), and đau-nhức (hurt and ache) are three basic pain terms in Vietnamese, with đau being a super-ordinate pain term. In addition, Vietnamese pain descriptors can be systematically classified into MPQ-VN descriptors and Non-MPQ-VN descriptors, with the latter being used far more frequently than the former. The study also found that MPQ descriptors could not reflect the patients’ pain experience comprehensively in the Vietnamese context although the Vietnamese employed the equivalents of MPQ descriptors of different categories. That the limitations of Melzack’s (1975) inventory of MPQ descriptors have been validated in Vietnamese has contributed to Vietnamese healthcare professionals’ understanding of how the patients communicate about their pain experience using language. The study has also shed lights on applied linguists’ research directions which can be extended to areas beyond language education, such as health, therapy, and counselling.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it