Effects of Magnesium in Physiotherapy Treatment for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint degenerative disorder. Pain is a dominant characteristic, becoming persistent and more limiting as the disease progresses, resulting in reduced physical function, quality-of-life. Magnesium deficiency is considered to be a major risk factor for osteoarthritis development and progression. Oral magnesium presents unique challenges for many individuals to effectively restore intracellular magnesium levels. Transdermal magnesium absorption could be more effective than oral absorption due to its greater absorption rate and presents fewer negative effects due to its gastrointestinal tract-bypassing nature. Method: Total 40 subjects with knee osteoarthritis were selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either Group A (intervention) or Group B (conventional), each having 20 patients. Assessment of the outcome measures was done pre and post 8 sessions. Outcome measures used were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Timed up and go test (TUG), 9 Step stair climb test, Knee ROM, Quadriceps strength using pressure biofeedback. Group A was given conventional therapy along with Epsom salt foot soak and Magnesium oil application. Group B was given conventional therapy alone. Result: There was statistically significant improvement seen in all the outcome measures in intragroup analysis with p<0.05. Intergroup analysis showed statistically significant difference in VAS on activity, WOMAC, Knee ROM, Quadriceps strength with p <0.05 indicating Group A performed better than Group B. Conclusion: The study found that Magnesium when used as an adjunct to conventional therapy shows significant difference in pain levels, knee mobility, quadriceps strength and better functionality in activities of daily living. KEYWORDS: Knee osteoarthritis, Epsom salt, Magnesium, Physiotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".