Umbilical Cord Plasma Ferritin Concentration as a Proxy Measure of Infant Iron Status: An Exploratory Analysis Among Term and Preterm Infants Born in Vancouver, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: The heightened susceptibility of offspring to obesity is notably linked with maternal obesity, with potential implications for programming modifications during adipocyte differentiation.This study sought to examine the adipogenic differentiation response in umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from mothers with obesity and assess the associations between markers of adipocyte differentiation and maternal/child anthropometric outcomes.Methods: MSC were cultured the from umbilical cord matrix of infants born to mothers with normal weight (22.2 Æ 0.3 kg/ m 2 ; n ¼ 31; NW-MSC) or with overweight/obesity (29.3 Æ 0.6 kg/m 2 ; n ¼ 33; OW/OB-MSC).Cultured MSC were collected prior to adipocyte differentiation (day 0) and at day 7 and day 14 into differentiation.Gene expression of markers of adipocyte differentiation (PPARGand CEBPA) was analyzed by qRT-PCR.A Seahorse XF Mito stress test was performed to evaluate differences in oxygen consumption rate.Children's body composition was analyzed at intervals up to 24 months of age using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance.Pearson correlations were used to evaluate relationships between markers of adipocyte differentiation and maternal BMI or children fat mass index (FMI, kg fat mass/m 2 ).Results: Expression of PPARG during differentiation was not associated with BMI in both maternal groups (P !0.47).However, in OW/OB-MSC at day 14 of differentiation, CEBPA expression was negatively associated with maternal BMI (r ¼ -0.38, P < 0.02).Expression of PPARG in OW/OB-MSC on day 14 of differentiation tended to positively correlate with child fat mass index at 2 weeks of age (r ¼ 0.3, P ¼ 0.07) and at 6 months of age (r ¼ 0.4, P ¼ 0.01) whereas no relationships were observed for NW-MSC.Expression of CEBPA at day 14 of differentiation tended to positively correlate with child fat mass index at 24 months of age including data from both maternal groups (r ¼ 0.25, P ¼ 0.08).Both maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity tended (P ¼ 0.07) to be lower in OW/OB-MSC at day 7 of differentiation compared to NW-MSC. Conclusions:The observed correlation among gene expression, maternal BMI, and children's FMI implies a potential influence of maternal BMI on the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".