Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of New Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which leads to irreversible damage to the vascular endothelium and causes many complications. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority of cases and is characterized by a deficit of insulin action on tissues. In recent years, several new oral drugs have emerged to treat the disease, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (flozins) that prevent glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. In this review, we analyzed seven different SGLT2 inhibitors, including several novel ones, based on 38 selected papers. Flozins display high efficacy in reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body weight, and systolic blood pressure. Therefore, flozins should be considered one of first-line treatment options in type 2 diabetes not only for patients with heart failure or kidney disease, but also for overweight and hypertensive patients. J Endocrinol Metab. 2024;14(3):89-102 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem942
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".