Barret Tillman, When the Shooting Stopped: August 1945 by Michael Razer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord and other British-speaking Caribbean colonies preserved his memory in the wintertime Junkanoo (or John Canoe Festival).Back in Africa, with Conny gone, the warlike Dahomey tribe filled the power vacuum and aggressively expanded the slave trade, funneling ever larger numbers of Africans onto European, mostly British, slave ships.Sutton argues that the Battle of Cape Lopez "becomes a way to see what the Atlantic world looked like before chattel slavery became inevitable and to investigate the legacies of this inevitability."(xxi) Among the latter, she contends, was the transition of slavery from a tolerant Roman model as theretofore practiced in French Louisiana and Spanish Florida, to a draconian chattel system.In the Latin South, bondage was "often a temporary state of being, not a permanent identity."(221) But the British developed a different philosophy in their colonies.There, slavery meant "total ownership and dominion over their involuntary workforce and any future descendants."(221) This practice carried over into the early United States.Sutton closes with a cri de coeur titled "Reverse-Engineering the Slave Society" on how everyday moderns can fight against the chattel model's racist legacies.Sutton writes well, but her use of slang like "intel," (113, 119), "wishywashy" (80), and "piddly" (82); non-nautical prose ("Ogle ordered the Swallow's mate to steer a hard right " 134); and judgmental language compromise its effectiveness.On the latter point, it avails nothing to castigate men 300 years in the grave for ghastly attitudes and behaviour.Slavery, flogging, child labour, animal abuse, and public hanging were all fixtures of the age.There were abolitionists and reformers to be sure, but they were thin on the ground in the very rough world of West Africa.Taken in toto, Sutton attempts too much, and the result is a sprawling, topheavy book.The Battle of Cape Lopez was an extraordinary event for which there is rich documentation.Better for the historian to let the story do its work and trust the reader's intelligence to absorb the implications and horrors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".