Conceptual Properties of Islamic Economic Modeling: Complexity, Nonlinearity, and Endogeneity in Epistemological Perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces a new perspective of economic reasoning and analysis pertaining to situations of complexity combined with nonlinearity and endogenous relations among interacting, integrating and evolutionary entities. The entities comprise multi-variables representing different embedded systems that encompass economy, society, science, and ethics. In the emergent model of endogenous inter-causal relationships between such entities the ontological perspective assumes the nature of evaluating inter-causal intra- and inters- systemic relations by means of formalism belonging to functional ontology of mathematical forms (Gruber, 1993), as opposed to invoking metaphysical ontological speculation. The functional ontological approach to structure and formalize leads to a new framework of economic reasoning in the presence of embedded systems that continuously participate and complement, as opposed to being subjected to the central postulate of marginal rate of substitution and exogenous treatment of knowledge in mainstream economics. The continuous phenomenon of interaction, integration, and evolutionary (IIE) learning in such inter-causal systems establish ethical endogeneity. Thus, philosophical background of economic reasoning is invoked in the functional epistemological formalism of the interactive, integrative, and evolutionary systems. That is sush systems are characterized by IIE-learning processes induced by the episteme of unity of knowledge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".