Bibliographic record
Abstract
Political scientists the world over must have grieved at the defeat of the Left in the recent Parliamentary elections in France—it meant the loss of a wonderful opportunity for the empirical testing of theory. For how does one test the legitimacy of a regime? Most of the crude tests involve the observation of negatives like an absence of rioting or coercion, or an absence of important groups committed to the overthrow of the regime, or the absence of a military presence to keep order. A more positive approach is to discover, by opinion research, whether the principal political institutions enjoy popular esteem and support. In a liberal democracy, however, the best test of all is to observe the alternation of power from government to opposition. Is it peaceful? Is it accepted? Is it followed by monetary collapse or constitutional crisis? Does the new Government attempt to modify fundamental political institutions? Is there a broad consensus between the old Government and the new over the principal national objectives in defence and foreign policy? Do Government, opposition, and major groups that lie outside, agree about the unity of the nation’s territory? If one asked all these questions in the United States, or Great Britain, or Canada, one would see fairly clearly where legitimacy was solid and where it was fraying at the edges. In France one has to speculate a little. A change of Government would also have revealed much about the real state of liberal democracy in France. Nine times in succession the citizens have chosen variations of the governing coalition that has ruled them for twenty years. Is this because they are satisfied or is it because the perils of change have seemed too great? Are there such barriers to a change of Government as to empty of their substance French democratic institutions and liberties? A man who has reflected deeply upon these questions is President Giscard d’Estaing, and an analysis of his ideas will form the basis of this article on the present day condition of French democracy and its legitimacy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".