High-CMRR, Operational Transconductance Amplifier for Low-Voltage Applications Based on a Degenerative Current TRAM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative circuit scheme named 'Current TRAM,' leveraging a degenerative current steering mechanism through the implementation of three current mirrors within a closed-loop configuration. This configuration undergoes transformation into a fully differential voltage-to-current converter, demonstrating its application in the design of an integrated operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The OTA offers a high gain-bandwidth and common-mode rejection ratio at low power. Diode-connected topologies in the current mirrors adaptively bias other transistors, eliminating the need for a common-mode feedback circuit. A common-source amplifier is employed at the output stage of the OTA to enhance the slew rate performance. Implemented in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS process with a supply voltage of 0.4 V, the proposed OTA achieves a gain-bandwidth (GBW) product of 23 kHz, a DC gain of 75 dB, and a slew rate of 15.5 V/ms. Remarkably, it accomplishes this while consuming a mere 37 nW of power and driving a capacitive load of 2 × 15 pF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".