Effect of Cap Stiffness and Soil Dilatancy in Pile Groups Subjected To Lateral Loads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores the effect of cap stiffness and soil dilation on the structural response of pile groups subjected to lateral increasing monotonic loads.For such scope, a finite element-based model for studying pile configurations of 3x3 to 3x7 in homogeneous sand deposits is proposed.The model employs solid elements with twenty nodes to represent the soil and pile domains, while zero-thickness interface elements are used to model the contact state at the soil-pile interface.The adequacy of the model is firstly validated with experimental data from literature and then the associated parametric studies involving the two aforementioned aspects are performed.For the studied examples, the obtained results indicate that the reduction of the cap stiffness substantially increases the lateral displacement of the system.This increment under ultimate loads can be as high as three times the lateral displacement of the original system with a rigid cap.Finally, soil dilation did not significantly affect the pile group response as the soil mass seems to be restricted by the surrounding piles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".