Fabrication of Suspended Stratified Plasmonic Waveguides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tailored design of plasmonic nanoantennas typically involves electron beam lithography and eventually results in monolithic structures over a transmission electron microscope grid window.This approach is suited to the rapid production of many such structures; however, it requires several time-consuming steps and careful control of several factors.Here, we present the fabrication of plasmonic waveguides using a combination of plasma focused-ion beam (PFIB) techniques and single-crystalline gold flakes with nanoscale thicknesses.We dropcasted said flakes onto a silicon substrate with an oxide layer, deposited protective layers to shield the gold from ion implantation, and then used standard FIB procedures to extract a cross-sectional lamella from the stack.This lamella was then attached to a FIB grid via a micromanipulator and milled to the desired dimensions.The resultant structure was suspended over vacuum like a cantilever, facilitating excitation and measurement of plasmonic properties through electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope in aloof trajectories.Our results unequivocally demonstrate the fabrication of a stratified waveguide with a nanoscale gold layer, and that this platform can produce strong plasmonic signals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".