Undergraduate Students’ Willingness to Communicate in English during Remote Learning Classes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: This study examines Jordanian undergraduate students’ willingness to communicate (WTC) in English during remote learning. Methods: The data were collected using a 61-item Likert scale questionnaire from 285 undergraduate students (118 males and 167 females) studying English at a public university. All the responses collected were analysed using descriptive analysis (e.g., mean, standard deviation) and Pearson’s Correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the descriptive analysis showed that students had an overall moderate level of online experiences (M 2.98, SD 0.98), and high levels of WTC (M= 3.61, SD= 0.969), self-perceived communicative competence (M=3.62, SD=1.038), L2 communication anxiety (M=2.91, SD=1.156) and virtual intercultural experience motivation (M=3.5, SD=1.111). On the other hand, the results of the 2-tailed correlation revealed that there was a statistically medium-positive correlation between students’ online experiences and their WTC in online classes (r=.359, p<.001), a strong positive correlation between students’ self-perceived communicative competence and their WTC in online classes (r=.664, p<.001), an insignificant low positive correlation between L2 communication anxiety and their WTC in online classes (r =.031, p < .605), a strong positive correlation between students’ virtual intercultural experience motivation and their WTC in online classes (r = .535, p<.001). Conclusions: The study shows that despite the lack of experience in e-learning, the students tend to have good self-perceived communicative competence. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for future studies are given based on the results of the study.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it