Impact of business education of owners and financial support on investment in socially responsible ventures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study tested the impact of business education of owners (BE_OWNERS) and foreign family members' financial support (FFM_FS) on investment in socially responsible ventures (INVEST_SRVs). Our survey research collected data from family business owners in India. As baseline methods, we used ordinary least square (OLS) and ordered logistic regressions to test hypotheses and two-stage least square regressions to reduce endogeneity issues. Our survey analysis shows that family business owners' education increases FFM_FS and INVEST_SRVs. FFM_FS, in turn, increases internal financing sources (IFS) and INVEST_SRVs. Foreign family members' financial support and IFS moderate the relationship between BE_OWNERS and INVEST_SRVs. The empirical survey analysis of this study contributes to the literature on the impact of BE_OWNERS and FFM_FS on INVEST_SRVs. Academia may find our research data analysis beneficial to develop further studies on the effects of BE_OWNERS and FFM_FS on investment in socially responsible ventures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".