Summer Hydrography Conditions at Proglacial Fjord Entrances Along East Greenland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Climate change is causing widespread melting of land and sea ice in the Arctic, leading to an increase in freshwater input to the ocean. This may have an impact on ocean circulation, marine ecosystems, and biodiversity in the region. Our findings provide new insights into the summer hydrography conditions at proglacial fjord entrances along large parts of the east coast of Greenland. As most freshwater exits the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait this study focuses on understanding the origin of spatial distribution of temperature and freshwater in the coastal waters in East Greenland. We find that Polar Water and the Atlantic Water variants (Eurasian Basin Atlantic Water/Subpolar Mode Water) dominate coastal waters north and south of Denmark Strait, respectively, and that coastal waters are influenced by advected meltwater from the Arctic Ocean, glacier meltwater and local precipitation. Combining hydrographic observations, water isotope data, and water source fraction analysis, we show that glacier meltwaters can be detected at fjord entrances and down to approximately 200 m. Integrated over the upper 200 m of the water column, glacial meltwater account for approximately 9%, precipitation for around 8% and Polar Water (including sea ice melt) for approximately 83% of the freshwater observed along the East Greenland coast. Below 200 m, Atlantic Water variants dominate the entire coastal section. The freshwater along East Greenland stays close to the coast and we could not detect any glacier meltwater at the slope.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".