Bibliographic record
Abstract
The selective confinement of light holes (LHs) in a tensile-strained germanium (Ge) quantum well is studied by mapping the electronic structure of ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{x}/\mathrm{Ge}/{\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{x}$ heterostructures as a function of Sn content, residual strain, and Ge well thickness. It is shown that above $12\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{at.}%$ Sn and below $0.4%$ residual compressive strain in the barriers, the tensile strain in Ge becomes sufficiently large to yield a valence band edge with LH-like character, thus forming a quasi two-dimensional LH gas in Ge. The LH ground state has a larger in-plane effective mass than that of heavy holes (HHs) in ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{y}/\mathrm{Ge}/{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{y}$ quantum wells. Moreover, LHs in optimal ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{x}/\mathrm{Ge}/{\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{x}$ heterostructures are found to exhibit a strong $g$-tensor anisotropy, with the in-plane component one order of magnitude larger than that of HHs in typical planar systems. Two of three structure-inversion-asymmetry Rashba parameters, both of which are critical in electric-dipole-spin-resonance experiments, are effectively 10 times the size of the cubic Rashba parameter in HH quantum wells. In the regime of LH selective confinement, every layer of the heterostructure is of direct bandgap, which can be relevant for efficient optical photon-spin qubit interfaces. This work discusses the broad landscape of the characteristics of LH spin confined in Ge to guide the design and implementation of LH spin-based devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".