Focused ultrasound and microbubble induced changes in the phenotype of breast cancer cell lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Up to 10%–15% of patients with breast cancer (BC), particularly those with triple negative (TNBC) and HER2 positive subtypes, develop brain metastases. Despite aggressive treatment, the median survival for patients is 15 months. Treatment of brain metastases is challenging due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that limits the passage of molecules commonly used to treat primary BC into the brain parenchyma. Focused Ultrasound (FUS) and Microbubble (MB) are a non-invasive, image-guided therapeutic modality that can create a reversible, safe, and transient opening of the BBB. While this burgeoning area of research has progressed to clinical trials, the direct effects of FUS + MBs in the absence of therapeutic agents on tumor cells are poorly characterized. Therefore, this study aims to identify the FUS+MB induced changes in migration, invasion, and proliferation of representative brain-derived (BD) BC cell lines, namely, BD-MDA-MB-231 and BD-SKBR3 post-sonication in comparison to untreated cells. Results from these experiments will help guide future in-vivo studies evaluating the impact of FUS+MB on brain metastases to better understand its therapeutic implications and applications for patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".