Climate conditions of the coastal part of Labrador in the late 18th century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study focuses on the analysis of air temperature, pressure and wind conditions of Labrador's coastal region in the period 1771-1787.To reconstruct the climatic conditions of this historical era, we draw upon invaluable instrumental meteorological observations made by the Moravian missionaries. All data were taken from three primary archival collections: the Moravian Archives in Herrnhut (Germany), the Moravian Archives at Muswell Hill in London, and the Archives of the Royal Society in London (Great Britain).The eighteenth-century Moravian missionary observations offer a unique perspective on the climate of the Labrador coast, providing essential data on air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind force and direction, and short descriptions of the weather, observed two, three, or four times a day. By examining records in a detailed and systematic manner, we aim to better understand the region's climate variability and trends during the early instrumental period. For this study, we utilized sub-daily air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind force and direction measurements from three sites: Nain (1771-1786), Okak (1776-1787), and Hoffenthal (1782-1786). All available historical data were quality controlled and converted to present units (°C, hPa, ms˗1 ). The necessary corrections to all studied variables were introduced. For example, the original daily air temperature means (calculated from different measurement times) were corrected to real means calculated from 24 hourly measurements. Corrections for each month were calculated based on contemporary data (1991–2010). The corrected data have been used to calculate monthly, seasonal and yearly means and other statistics. For example, we calculated a number of different categories of cold/warm days, growing degree days sum (GDD), air thawing index degree-days sums (ATI), positive degree-days sum (PDD) and air freezing index degree-days sum (AFI). The last four indices were calculated using definitions proposed by Nordli et al. (2020). The climate conditions of the study period in the coastal part of Labrador are compared to present-day ones.The work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland project No. 2020/39/B/ST10/00653.References:Nordli, Ø., Wyszyński, P., Gjelten, H. M., Isaksen, K., Łupikasza, E., Niedźwiedź, T., and Przybylak, R., 2020, Revisiting the extended Svalbard Airport monthly temperature series, and the compiled corresponding daily series 1898–2018, Polar Res., 39, 3614, http://dx.doi.org/10.33265/polar.v39.3614.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".