Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Dominion of Newfoundland, like its larger sisters Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, rose to defend Britain during the First World War. A self-governing Dominion of the British Empire-Commonwealth from 1907 until 1934, its involvement in the war, and thereby on the world stage, would be an ill-fated encounter. To best appreciate the disaster that befell Newfoundland during and after the Great War, it is instructive to consider the long view of Newfoundland’s history prior to 1914. Centuries of slow development were characterised by hardship, impoverishment (for most), and a lack of control over its own affairs. This chapter considers the role and response of Newfoundland to the First World War, showing how it was that, when war came in 1914, Newfoundlanders’ reaction was expressed through loyalty to Britain, but at an enormous sacrifice which had lasting ramifications for the Dominion and its future. The chapter also shows how Newfoundland earned respect from Britain and internationally for its participation in the war, but that this did not translate into an independent status in the long term.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.027 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".