Impact of the New Company Law's Limited Contribution System on Limited Liability Companies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summarizing the ten years of experience and lessons learned from the operation of the contributed capital system, after three years of deliberation and five years of overhaul, a new change in the Company Law was ushered in. The Company Law of the People's Republic of China (2023 Revision) was voted and passed on December 29, 2023, and came into effect on July 1, 2024. The new Company Law continues to implement the Contributed Capital System, replacing the Fully Contributed System with a Limited Contribution System. It consolidates the positive results of the operation of the Contributed Capital System and amends the deficiencies in the actual operation, better implements the autonomy-based Contributed Capital System, and provides a new path for the development of the Contributed Capital System in the future. In this paper, we will start from the impact of the limited liability company (LLC) under the limited contribution system, and discuss the reasonable interpretation path of the shareholders' interest in the limited contribution system, the company's capital formation system, and the shareholders' responsibility in the light of the revision of the new Company Law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".